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John Cockburn, (d. 1583) laird of Ormiston, East Lothian, Scotland, was an early supporter of the Scottish Reformation. He was the eldest son of William Cockburn of Ormiston and Janet Somerville.〔Cockburn-Hood, (1888), 123-4.〕 John was usually called "Ormiston." During his lifetime there was also a laird of Ormiston in Teviotdale near Eckford, a member of the rival Hepburn family. ==A Scottish Protestant in the Rough Wooing== John Cockburn was a prominent Protestant and also on good terms with England, having a licence to trade there during the war of the Rough Wooing. He was pardoned for communing with the English during Lord Hertford's expedition in 1544. John Knox was tutor to one of his sons, and the Protestant preacher and martyr George Wishart was arrested by James Hepburn, 4th Earl of Bothwell, the Sherriff of Haddingtonshire, at his House of Ormiston on 16 January 1546. After negotiation Bothwell took Wishart away to nearby Elphinstone Castle. Soon after on the same night, soldiers of the Governor of Scotland, Regent Arran, arrived to arrest John, his nephew Sandilands of Calder, and Alexander Crichton of Brunstane. Brunstane escaped but his two companions were imprisoned at Edinburgh Castle. John escaped from the castle one morning by going over the wall.〔''Works of John Knox'', vol.1 (1846), pp.140-142.〕 John, and his younger brother Ninian Cockburn were amongst those accused of the murder of Cardinal David Beaton in 1546. In September 1547 he is said to have guided the English army through the Lammermuirs to the battle of Pinkie. In January 1548, William Patten published the names of John Cockburn and 36 other Scottish lairds and gentleman who had sworn an oath on 23 September 1547 to be loyal to Edward VI of England.〔''An English Garner: Tudor Tracts'', (1903), pp.146-7, re-printing Patten, William, ''The Expedition into Scotland'', London (1548).〕 John and Alexander Crichton of Brunstane tried to hold three houses on behalf of Grey of Wilton, who occupied Haddington. Ormiston and Brunstane waited for an opportunity to capture Edinburgh Castle and deliver Regent Arran and the Bishop of Dunkeld to the English. They also wanted Grey of Wilton to capture and garrison the Earl of Bothwell's house at Hailes Castle.〔''CSP Scotland'', vol.1 (1898), p.57, 59.〕 They wrote jointly to John Luttrell, the English commander of Broughty Castle on 17 January 1548 asking him to allow fishermen from Crail to supply them.〔Cameron, Annie I., ed., ''Scottish Correspondence of Mary of Lorraine'', (1927), pp.211-213.〕 The Governor of Scotland, Regent Arran captured the House of Ormiston. John tried to defend the House of Saltoun but his men were inadequately armed. At the end of February 1548 Arran brought four cannon to Saltoun; three cut-throats mounted on carts, and a single-falcon.〔''Accounts of the Lord High Treasurer of Scotland'', vol.9 (1911), p.150.〕 Five of Cockburn's men were killed in the fight, and five were captured and hanged.〔''CSP Scotland'', vol.1 (1898), pp.88-89.〕 The Privy Council of Scotland declared him a traitor on 29 February 1548 and ordered the demolition of Ormiston House.〔HMC, ''11th report part vi, Manuscripts of the Duke of Hamilton'', London (1887), p.39.〕 John and Crichton of Brunstane went into exile in England. On 25 March 1548, the English Privy Council gave him £65 as the King's reward for the losses in Scotland. Edward VI sent John a letter reassuring him of his goodwill in March 1550, as peace was declared between Scotland and England.〔Dasent, J. R., ed., ''Acts of the Privy Council of England, 1547-1552'', vol.2 (1890), pp.178-9, 417.〕 For his services to the Protestant cause, on 13 March 1552, Edward VI rewarded John Cockburn with the lands and income belonging to the Hospital of St Giles in Durham known as the Kepier Hospital. John sold all these lands to the Heath family by 1564.〔Cockburn-Hood, (1888), 127.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「John Cockburn of Ormiston」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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